Understanding Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Each year in Australia, over 1 million treatments for NMSC are administered, according to Cancer Council. Due to the high sun exposure, Skin cancer is a prevalent concern in Australia, with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) being the most common.

While these cancers are generally less aggressive than Melanoma, they still require prompt attention and care. If you’ve been diagnosed with a non-melanoma skin cancer–we’re here to help. In this blog, we’ll provide a comprehensive overview of non-melanoma skin cancers, including their types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

What is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer?

Non-melanoma skin cancer refers to a group of skin cancers that develop in the skin’s upper layers in the basal or squamous cells of the epidermis, unlike Melanoma, which arises from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. 

The two main types of NMSC are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).   

Causes of non-melanoma skin cancer

The cause of non-melanoma skin cancer is associated with prolonged and repeated exposure to UV radiation. UV exposure can damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to abnormal growth and cancer formation. Other factors that can increase the risk of developing NMSC include:

• If you are exposed to artificial UV sources like tanning beds. 

• If you have fairer skin, less melanin makes lighter skin more susceptible to UV damage.

• If you have a history or family history of skin cancer.

• If you tend to have moles. 

• If you struggle with a weakened immune system, whether due to medical conditions or medications. 

What are the most common types of non-melanoma skin cancers?

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It arises from the basal cells in the epidermis and is characterised by slow growth. BCC often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-coloured lesion, or a scar-like area. While BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause significant local damage if left untreated.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) originates in the squamous cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. It typically presents as a red, scaly patch, an open sore, or a wart-like growth. Unlike BCC, SCC has a higher risk of spreading to other body parts, making early detection and prompt treatment crucial.

What symptoms should I look out for with non-melanoma skin cancers?

Recognising the early signs of NMSC is essential for effective treatment. If you suspect a mole or spot, some key signs to pay attention to include: 

• New or changing growths: Be alert to any new spots, bumps, or patches on your skin that change in size, shape, or colour.
• Persistent sores: Non-healing ulcers or sores that bleed, ooze, or crust over should be examined by a professional.
• Texture changes: Areas of skin that become rough, scaly, or raised warrant attention.
• Itchiness or tenderness: While not always present, these sensations can indicate an underlying issue.
• Colour changes: Check the colour of the spot, especially if it varies in colour (pink, red, black, or brown)

If you notice any abnormalities, please book a consultation with a skin specialist immediately. 

How is non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosed?

The diagnosis of non-melanoma starts with a thorough skin examination by a skin specialist; in this consultation,, the professional will assess the skin for any suspicious lesions or growths. 

If a potential skin cancer is identified, your doctor will request a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The biopsy procedure involves taking a small sample of the skin tissue for laboratory analysis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, your doctor will set the appropriate treatment plan to ensure the best outcome.

What treatment options are available for non-melanoma skin cancers?

The right treatment for non-melanoma will depend on the type of skin cancer, size, location and stage. Common treatment options include:

Each treatment option is tailored to the individual patient, considering factors such as the cancer’s location, size, and the patient’s health.

Non-Surgical Treatments: 

• Topical treatments that include creams or gels containing anti-cancer agents may be used for superficial BCCs, providing a non-invasive treatment option.
• Cryotherapy involves freezing the cancerous cells with liquid nitrogen, causing them to die and eventually fall off. It is often used for small or superficial lesions.

Surgical Treatment: 

The cancerous tissue is surgically removed, often with a margin of healthy skin,, to ensure complete removal. This approach is effective for larger or deeper cancers.

Combined Therapy:  

In addition to skin cancer therapy, in some cases, doctors can suggest combinations of therapy, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy, for more complex scenarios.

Survival Rate of NMSC in Australia

When treated promptly, the survival rates of NMSC are very high; the five-year relative survival rate for BCC is nearly 100%, and for SCC, it is approximately 95%. Therefore, early detection and treatment are key for a promising outcome. 

Melanoma And Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

The main difference between Melanoma and Non-melanoma is in their origins. BCC and SCC usually arise in the top layers of the skin and are presented as slow-growing lesions or sores. Melanoma develops from the pigment-producing melanocytes,, and it often appears as a new or changing mole with irregular borders and multiple colours. 

Melanoma is known for its aggressive nature and potential to spread to other parts of the body,, and BCC and SCC are usually less likely to spread beyond the skin. 

Prevention and Risk Reduction: How can I reduce my risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer?

Prevention is the most effective strategy against NMSC. Here are some essential tips to prevent and lower the risk: 

• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses, and seek shade during peak sun hours.
• Avoid tanning beds or artificial UV sources. 
• Conduct monthly self-examinations and schedule annual skin checks with a skin specialist.

If you’ve been diagnosed with Non-Melanoma, you’re not alone

A Non-melanoma diagnosis can be challenging and overwhelming–but you’re not alone in this journey. At Manningham Skin Cancer Clinic, we’re ready for your skin cancer recovery, from detection to comprehensive treatment and recovery; we stay with you at every step. 

Book an apointment with our specialist in Non-Melanoma detection in Melbourne today at Manningham Skin Cancer Clinic. We are your partner in skin health.